Stress

1. Causes/sources of stress – 
   Physiology of stress and effects on health. The GAS Model (Selye, 1936). Causes of stress:
   lack of control (e.g. Geer and Maisel, 1972), work (e.g. Johansson, 1978), life events (Holmes and Rahe, 1967), personality (e.g. Friedman and Rosenman, 1974), daily hassles (e.g. Lazarus, 1981).
2. Measures of stress – 
   Physiological measures: recording devices and sample tests (e.g. Geer and Maisel, 1972; Johansson, 1978); self report questionnaires (Holmes and Rahe, 1967; Friedman and Rosenman, 1974; Lazarus, 1981).
3. Management of stress – 
   Medical techniques (e.g. chemical). Psychological techniques: biofeedback (e.g. Budzynski et al., 1973) and imagery (e.g. Bridge, 1988). Preventing stress (e.g. Meichenbaum, 1985).